Glaunorm may be available in the countries listed below.
Aceclidine hydrochloride (a derivative of Aceclidine) is reported as an ingredient of Glaunorm in the following countries:
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Definition of Panic Disorder: Symptoms of panic attack usually begin abruptly and include rapid heartbeat, chest sensations, shortness of breath, dizziness, tingling, and anxiousness. Treatments include several medications and psychotherapy.
The following drugs and medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of Panic Disorder. This service should be used as a supplement to, and NOT a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.
Medical Encyclopedia:
Osmil may be available in the countries listed below.
Estradiol is reported as an ingredient of Osmil in the following countries:
Medroxyprogesterone 17α-acetate (a derivative of Medroxyprogesterone) is reported as an ingredient of Osmil in the following countries:
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Generic Name: prednisolone (Oral route)
pred-NIS-oh-lone
In the U.S.
In Canada
Available Dosage Forms:
Therapeutic Class: Endocrine-Metabolic Agent
Pharmacologic Class: Adrenal Glucocorticoid
Prednisolone provides relief for inflamed areas of the body. It is used to treat a number of different conditions, such as inflammation (swelling), severe allergies, adrenal problems, arthritis, asthma, blood or bone marrow problems, eye or vision problems, lupus, skin conditions, kidney problems, ulcerative colitis, and flare-ups of multiple sclerosis. Prednisolone is a corticosteroid (cortisone-like medicine or steroid). It works on the immune system to help relieve swelling, redness, itching, and allergic reactions.
This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of prednisolone in children. However, pediatric patients are more likely to have slower growth and bone problems if prednisolone is used for a long time. Recommended doses should not be exceeded, and the patient should be carefully monitored during therapy.
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of prednisolone in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related kidney and bone problems, which may require caution and an adjustment in the dose for elderly patients receiving prednisolone.
| Pregnancy Category | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|
| All Trimesters | C | Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women. |
Studies in women suggest that this medication poses minimal risk to the infant when used during breastfeeding.
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain prednisolone. It may not be specific to Bubbli-Pred. Please read with care.
Take this medicine exactly as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. To do so may increase the chance for unwanted effects.
This medicine comes with a patient instruction insert. Read and follow the instructions in the insert carefully. Ask your doctor if you have any questions.
This medicine should be taken with food to avoid stomach irritation.
Measure the oral liquid with the special oral syringe that comes with the package. The average household teaspoon may not hold the right amount of liquid.
If you use this medicine for a long time, do not suddenly stop using it without checking first with your doctor. You may need to slowly decrease your dose before stopping it completely.
The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.
If you will be taking this medicine for a long time, it is very important that your doctor check you at regular visits for any unwanted effects that may be caused by this medicine. Blood or urine tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects.
Using this medicine while you are pregnant can harm your unborn baby. Use an effective form of birth control to keep from getting pregnant. If you think you have become pregnant while using this medicine, tell your doctor right away.
Using too much of this medicine or using it for a long time may increase your risk of having adrenal gland problems. Talk to your doctor right away if you have more than one of these symptoms while you are using this medicine: blurred vision; dizziness or fainting; a fast, irregular, or pounding heartbeat; increased thirst or urination; irritability; or unusual tiredness or weakness.
This medicine may cause you to get more infections than usual. Avoid people who are sick or have infections and wash your hands often. If you are exposed to chickenpox or measles, tell your doctor right away. If you start to have a fever, chills, sore throat, or any other sign of an infection, call your doctor right away.
This medicine may cause changes in mood or behavior for some patients. Tell your doctor right away if you have depression; mood swings; a false or unusual sense of well-being; trouble with sleeping; or personality changes while taking this medicine.
This medicine might cause thinning of the bones (osteoporosis) or slow growth in children if used for a long time. Tell your doctor if you have any bone pain or if you have an increased risk for osteoporosis. If your child is using this medicine, tell the doctor if you think your child is not growing properly.
If you are using this medicine for a long time, tell your doctor about any extra stress or anxiety in your life, including other health concerns and emotional stress. Your dose of this medicine might need to be changed for a short time while you have extra stress.
Check with your doctor right away if blurred vision, difficulty in reading, or any other change in vision occurs during or after treatment. Your doctor may want you to have your eyes checked by an ophthalmologist (eye doctor).
While you are being treated with prednisolone, do not have any immunizations (vaccines) without your doctor's approval. Prednisolone may lower your body's resistance and the vaccine may not work as well or you might get the infection the vaccine is meant to prevent. In addition, you should not be around other persons living in your household who receive live virus vaccines because there is a chance they could pass the virus on to you. Some examples of live vaccines include measles, mumps, influenza (nasal flu vaccine), poliovirus (oral form), rotavirus, and rubella. Do not get close to them and do not stay in the same room with them for very long. If you have questions about this, talk to your doctor.
Make sure any doctor or dentist who treats you knows that you are using this medicine. This medicine may affect the results of certain skin tests.
Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements.
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.
The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.
Visanne may be available in the countries listed below.
Dienogest is reported as an ingredient of Visanne in the following countries:
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Canesoral may be available in the countries listed below.
Fluconazole is reported as an ingredient of Canesoral in the following countries:
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Nitossil may be available in the countries listed below.
Cloperastine hydrochloride (a derivative of Cloperastine) is reported as an ingredient of Nitossil in the following countries:
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Aspen Lamivudine may be available in the countries listed below.
Lamivudine is reported as an ingredient of Aspen Lamivudine in the following countries:
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In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.
Chlorhexidine diacetate (a derivative of Chlorhexidine) is reported as an ingredient of Nolvasan in the following countries:
Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (a derivative of Chlorhexidine) is reported as an ingredient of Nolvasan in the following countries:
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Mogadan may be available in the countries listed below.
Nitrazepam is reported as an ingredient of Mogadan in the following countries:
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Generic Name: Methylnaltrexone Bromide
Class: GI Drugs, Miscellaneous
Chemical Name: (R)-N-(cyclopropylmethyl) noroxymorphone methobromide
Molecular Formula: C21H26NO4Br
CAS Number: 73232-52-7
Peripherally acting μ-opiate receptor antagonist;1 2 3 4 7 8 9 12 13 quaternary amine derivative of naltrexone.4 7 9 11 13
Treatment of opiate-induced constipation in patients with advanced illness who are receiving palliative care and have had an insufficient response to laxative therapy.1 2
Administer by sub-Q injection into the upper arm, abdomen, or thigh.1 Use abdomen or thigh for self-administration; may use upper arm if not self-administered.1
Rotate injection sites.1 Do not inject into areas where skin is bruised, tender, red, hard, or where scars or stretch marks are present.1
Available as methylnaltrexone bromide; dosage expressed in terms of the salt.1
Base dosage on patient’s weight (see Table 1).1 Give one dose every other day as needed.1 Do not exceed one dose per 24-hour period.1
Determine injection volume by multiplying the patient’s weight in kg by 0.0075 (or in pounds by 0.0034) and rounding up to nearest 0.1 mL.1
Patient Weight (kg) | Injection Volume | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
<38 | See below | 0.15 mg/kg1 2 |
38 to <62 | 0.4 mL | 8 mg1 2 |
62 to 114 | 0.6 mL | 12 mg1 2 |
>114 | See below | 0.15 mg/kg1 2 |
Maximum one dose per 24-hour period.1 2 Use beyond 4 months not studied.1
No dosage adjustment required in mild or moderate hepatic impairment; not studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment.1 10
Mild or moderate renal impairment: Dosage adjustment not required.1
Severe renal impairment (<30 mL/minute): Decrease dosage by 50%.1 2 (See Special Populations under Pharmacokinetics.)
End-stage renal disease requiring dialysis: Not studied.1 10
No dosage adjustment required.1
Known or suspected mechanical GI obstruction.1
Discontinue if severe or persistent diarrhea develops.1
Not studied in patients with peritoneal catheters.1
No known risk of abuse or dependency.1
Category B.1
Distributed into milk in rats; not known whether distributed into human milk.1 Use caution.1
Safety and efficacy not established in children <18 years of age.1 14
No substantial differences in safety and efficacy relative to younger adults.1
Systemic exposure not substantially altered in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class A or B).1 Not studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment.1 10
Dosage adjustments necessary based on degree of renal impairment.1 (See Renal Impairment under Dosage and Administration.)
Not studied in patients with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis.1 10
Transient abdominal pain,1 2 7 9 flatulence,1 2 4 7 9 nausea,1 2 7 dizziness,1 2 7 diarrhea.1 2 7
Weak inhibitor of CYP2D6 in vitro;1 2 13 no substantial inhibitory effect on CYP isoenzymes 1A2, 2A6, 2C9, 2C19, or 3A4.1
Potential for interactions with drugs eliminated by active renal tubular secretion not studied.1
Drug | Interaction |
|---|---|
Dextromethorphan | No substantial effect on metabolism of dextromethorphan1 2 13 |
Rapidly absorbed following sub-Q administration.1
Laxation within 30 minutes in about 30% of patients; within 4 hours in about 50–60% of patients.1
Moderate tissue distribution.1
Distributed into milk in rats; not known whether distributed into human milk.1
11–15%.1 13
Metabolized to several minor metabolites.1 Not appreciably demethylated to form naltrexone.1 4 13
Excreted principally as unchanged drug in urine (50%) and in feces.1 13
Approximately 8 hours.1
Mild or moderate hepatic impairment does not affect systemic exposure; not studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment.1 10
Severe renal impairment (Clcr <30 mL/minute) decreases renal clearance 8- to 9-fold and doubles AUC.1 (See Renal Impairment under Dosage and Administration.)
Not studied in patients with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis.1 10
20–25°C (may be exposed to 15–30°C).1 Do not freeze; protect from light.1 Vials for single use only; discard remainder.1
Once drawn into syringe, if immediate administration is not possible, store at room temperature; administer within 24 hours.1
Peripherally acting μ-opiate receptor antagonist;1 7 8 9 12 13 quaternary amine derivative of naltrexone.4 7 9 11 13
Blocks μ-opiate receptors in the GI tract, blocking intestinal smooth muscle relaxation caused by opiates and thereby reversing opiate-induced slowing of GI transit time.1 2 4
Does not readily cross blood-brain barrier; therefore, does not affect opiate analgesic activity or precipitate opiate withdrawal, unlike centrally active opiate antagonists (e.g., naltrexone, naloxone).1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 12 13
Exhibits greater affinity for μ-opiate receptors than for κ-opiate receptors; does not interact with δ-opiate receptors nor substantially bind to nonopiate receptors.9 12 13
2–4% of the opiate antagonist activity and potency of naloxone;13 possesses some μ-receptor agonist activity.6 12 13
Importance of patient and/or caregiver reading the manufacturer’s patient information prior to initiation of therapy and with each refill.1
Advise patients to use the prescribed needles and syringes when administering methylnaltrexone.1
Importance of discontinuing methylnaltrexone therapy following cessation of opiate analgesic therapy.1
For self-administration, instruct patient and/or caregiver regarding proper dosage and administration, including the use of aseptic technique and proper disposal of needles and syringes.1
Importance of never taking more than one dose in a 24-hour period.1
Advise patients that laxation may occur within 30 minutes after a dose and that close proximity to a toilet is advised after drug administration.1
Importance of discontinuing methylnaltrexone and informing clinician if severe or persistent diarrhea occurs or if adverse effects (e.g., transient abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting) persist or worsen during therapy.1
Importance of women informing clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.1
Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs.1
Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information.1 (See Cautions.)
Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.
Routes | Dosage Forms | Strengths | Brand Names | Manufacturer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Parenteral | Injection, for subcutaneous use | 12 mg/0.6 mL | Relistor (with syringe, retractable 27-gauge needle, and alcohol swabs) | Wyeth |
This report on medications is for your information only, and is not considered individual patient advice. Because of the changing nature of drug information, please consult your physician or pharmacist about specific clinical use.
The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com represent that the information provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com make no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such information and specifically disclaims all such warranties. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and the information is provided for informational purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a thorough understanding of the drug's actions, uses and side effects. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com do not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information is not a substitute for medical care.
AHFS Drug Information. © Copyright, 1959-2011, Selected Revisions August 2009. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 7272 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.
1. Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. Relistor (methylnaltrexone bromide) subcutaneous injection prescribing information. Philadelphia, PA; 2008 Apr.
2. Anon. Methylnaltrexone (Relistor) for opioid-induced constipation. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2008; 50:63-4.
3. McNicol ED, Boyce D, Schumann R et al. Mu-opioid antagonists for opioid-induced bowel dysfunction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008; 2:CD006332. [PubMed 18425947]
4. Kraft MD. Emerging pharmacologic options for treating postoperative ileus. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2007; 64(Suppl 13):S13-20. [PubMed 17909271]
5. Becker G, Galandi D, Blum HE. Peripherally acting opioid antagonists in the treatment of opiate-related constipation: a systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007; 35:547-65.
6. Beattie DT, Cheruvu M, Mai N et al. The in vitro pharmacology of the peripherally restricted opioid receptor antagonists, alvimopan, ADL 08-0011 and methylnaltrexone. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2007; 375:205-20. [PubMed 17340127]
7. Thomas J, Karver S, Cooney GA et al. Methylnaltrexone for opioid-induced constipation in advanced illness. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358:2332-43. [PubMed 18509120]
8. Berde C, Nurko S. Opioid side effects— mechanism-based therapy. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358:2400-2. [PubMed 18509126]
9. Yuan CS. Methylnaltrexone mechanisms of action and effects on opioid bowel dysfunction and other opioid adverse effects. Ann Pharmacother. 2007; 41:984-93. [PubMed 17504835]
10. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research: Application number 21–964: Medical Review(s). From FDA website .
11. Shaiova L, Rim F, Friedman D et al. A review of methylnaltrexone, a peripheral opioid receptor antagonist, and its role in opioid-induced constipation. Palliat Support Care. 2007; 5:161-6. [PubMed 17578067]
12. Reichle FM, Conzen PF. Methylnaltrexone, a new peripheral μ-receptor antagonist for the prevention and treatment of opioid-induced extracerebral side effects. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2008; 9:90-100. [PubMed 18183536]
13. Kraft MD. Methylnaltrexone, a new peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist being evaluated for the treatment of postoperative ileus. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2008; 17:1365-77. [PubMed 18694369]
14. Wyeth Laboratories, Collegeville, PA: Personal communication.
Ofloxacine Teva may be available in the countries listed below.
Ofloxacin is reported as an ingredient of Ofloxacine Teva in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
